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International Women’s Day

International Women's Day was observed on Sunday, March 8, a global event that honors the contributions made by women throughout history and elevates their voices. Today is an excellent opportunity to honor the accomplishments of some engineering heroes who cleared the path for today's female engineers. The following women made history in National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA):

Katherine Johnson was born in 1918 in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. She was a pioneer in mathematics that landed her a job at NASA as a Trajectory Analysis for Alan Shepard’s mission in 1961, and then for John Glenn's orbital mission in 1962. While working for NASA, she was the behind-the-scenes math genius that made many missions like space shuttle, Earth Resources Satellite, and Apollo’s Lunar Lander successful. Thanks to her achievements, she received the highest civilian honor in the United States: The Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. Additionally, during a ceremony honoring NASA's Hidden Figures in 2024, Ms. Johnson's family collected the Congressional Gold Medal in honor of her contributions to the United States.

Mary W. Jackson was born in 1921 in Hampton, Virginia. She was an African-American NASA engineer who made it possible for America’s first men to travel to space. She was known as a human computer who, behind the scenes, calculated the orbital trajectories. Aside from engineering, she was passionate about advocating for women and minorities in the engineering field, so after working 30 years with NASA, she retired in 1985 and shifted careers to focus on becoming an equal opportunity specialist to help women and minorities.

Kalpana Chawla was born March 17, 1962, in Karnal, India. She received a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering in India and later moved to the United States to continue her education and received a master’s degree in aerospace engineering. After being naturalized in the United States, she became an astronaut, engineer, and the first woman of Indian descent to go to space. Chawla lost her life during a mission, but her legacy continues to live through her work. Her research helped other astronauts understand health and safety during spaceflight. She continues to be an inspiration for many immigrants who are chasing the American dream.

Dorothy Vaughan was born in 1910 in Kansas City, Missouri. She was the first African-American supervisor for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). She advocated for her employees by making sure they received promotions and pay raises. After segregation ended in 1985, that is when NACA became NASA and Vaughan became a programmer for a new division that was created, named Analysis and Computation. While working in this division, her group worked behind the scenes and played a major part in the success of a satellite-launching rocket called Scout. Vaughan retired in 1971.

For more information about women who made history in NASA, please visit: https://www.nasa.gov/

 

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Ancient Marvels in Engineering

Modern, high-tech design is typically what comes to mind when we think about engineering. But the strong engineering and design foundations of the past enabled many technological advancements, some of which are seen as wonders of the world today. The following are a few of the most inventive engineering achievements of all time:

  • The Great Wall of China: The Great Wall of China, at nearly 13,000 miles long, is the longest structure ever built. It was built over the course of 2,000 years. In addition to the actual wall, the structure includes 25,000 towers, castles, and other fortresses for soldiers to stay on alert against attack.
  • The Great Pyramid of Giza: The Great Pyramid were masterpieces of technical skill and engineering ability. The sides of the Great Pyramid are aligned perfectly with the four cardinal points of the compass. It is estimated that it took workers over 20 years to complete the construction of the Great Pyramid.
  • Taj Mahal: Beginning in 1631, the Taj Mahal's construction is estimated to have taken 22 years to complete. Even now, the Taj Mahal is still today one of the most recognizable buildings in the world of architecture.
  • Highways: The Romans built a sophisticated system of roads. Roman engineers designed highways to allow for water drainage. The Romans built over 50,000 miles of road by 200 A.D. Highways allowed the Roman legion to travel as far as 25 miles per day.
  • Panama Canal: Beginning in 1904, the Panama Canal is an international waterway that was built to enable ship traffic between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans saving traders a lot of time and money. The canal proved to be an exceptionally successful engineering project, despite being difficult to construct.

 

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What is Computer-Aided Drafting and Design (CADD)

Did you know that before the invention of Computer-Aided Drafting and Design (CADD) software, drafters and designers had to create models by hand using large sheets of paper and drawing boards? This process was not only labor-intensive but also very challenging to review and revise.

Fortunately, the field of engineering and design has undergone a revolution with the advent of CADD software. CADD is a software program used in architecture, engineering, and construction that makes it easier to sketch and create physical components or arrange procedures. One of the key advantages of CADD is its ability to streamline the design process. With traditional drafting methods, any changes or modifications to the design would require starting from scratch. However, with CADD, designers can easily make revisions, saving both time and effort. This flexibility allows for more efficient and accurate designs. Additionally, CADD software offers a wide range of tools and features that enhance the design process. These tools include the ability to create 2D and 3D models, generate detailed drawings, and analyze data. By utilizing these features, engineers and designers can visualize their concepts and identify potential issues. Another key advantage of CADD is that it also promotes collaboration among different firms involved in a project. With the software's ability to share and exchange design files, team members can easily communicate and work together, regardless of their physical location. This level of collaboration not only improves efficiency but also ensures that all parties are on the same page, reducing the risk of errors or misunderstandings. In terms of productivity, CADD greatly speeds up the design process. The increased productivity allows for faster project completion and ultimately leads to cost savings. This iterative process not only improves the quality of the final design but also fosters innovation and problem-solving skills. With its ability to create precise and accurate designs, CADD continues to shape the future of the industry, making it easier than ever to bring ideas to life.

 

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Engineering a Green Future: A Mission We All Must Embrace

Our world has been grappling with the repercussions of pollution for centuries. From unsanitary living conditions to air and water pollution, the toll on our health and the environment is undeniable. Deadly bacteria thrive in these conditions, often leading to disease outbreaks. Today, carbon dioxide, water, and land pollutants are the primary culprits poisoning our Earth.

But there's hope. Green engineering offers us a path to a sustainable future. Green engineering focuses on reducing pollution, conserving natural resources, preventing waste, integrating renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and much more. It's about designing, developing, and using processes and products in a way that minimally impacts the environment while still serving societal needs. Environmental engineers play a huge part in reducing pollution. Their creative thinking has produced methods for ensuring an environmentally friendly future.

The mission of engineering a green future is not just for engineers, but for all of us. We can all contribute to this cause by adopting sustainable practices, advocating for clean energy, and supporting businesses that prioritize environmental responsibility. The time to act is now. Together, let's engineer a green future for ourselves and generations to come.

 

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Engineering Software You Should Know and Understand

The field of engineering encompasses various branches, including civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineering. However, there are numerous subcategories within these primary branches. These subcategories cover a wide range of project objectives and include structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, environmental engineering, transportation engineering, systems and power engineering, robotics engineering, automotive design engineering, and computational engineering. Regardless of their area of specialization, engineers rely on specific software to carry out their work effectively. Software has the necessary tools and capabilities to enhance the engineer’s productivity and achieve successful project outcomes. Here are four essential programs that every engineer should know and understand:

1. Autodesk Civil 3D: This comprehensive software is specifically designed for the meticulous planning and documentation of civil infrastructure projects. It allows engineers to speed up the design process and improve collaboration with agencies, contractors, and subconsultants, resulting in more innovative project outcomes.

2. Microsoft Excel: A versatile tool that is used to format, arrange, and calculate data in a spreadsheet format. Engineers can leverage Excel's solver function to determine the optional design variables that meet or exceed the contract standards. This software also facilitates accurate numerical analysis by allowing the engineers to accurately track project schedules and budgets.

3. Geographic Information System (GIS): GIS is a computer software that enables engineers to examines and presents data with a geographic context. It separates the data into categories, allowing engineers to save, organize, analyze, edit, produce, and visualize geographic data effectively.

4. Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB): This comprehensive software was designed by MathWorks with the purpose of developing algorithms and analyzing data. Engineers can utilize MATLAB for various purposes, such as modeling, signal processing, and image processing. It provides a comprehensive environment for engineers to solve complex problems efficiently.